• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention provides for isolated non-specific plant concentrates and other fodder additives and a process for their manufacture comprising precipitating a protein fraction from plant juices by coagulation and treating the coagulated green protein fraction with glycol or diglycol ether thereby isolating the valuable substances therefrom. The obtained concentrates are useful as animal fodder and in human nourishment.
    公开号:SU1087048A3
    申请号:SU772497354
    申请日:1977-06-30
    公开日:1984-04-15
    发明作者:Кох Лехел
    申请人:Вепекс Феваллакозаши Ирода Рт (Инопредприятие)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ABOUT
    eo
    4 EO
    2. The method of the RR A.1, and you n and I, with that, is carried out at 85 seconds.
    persons on
    one,
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    about tl ijs that we dubbed the air
    conduct many 4. The method according to paragraphs. 1 and 3, the treatment is carried out four times with ether and the separated protein is decanted, and the xanthophyll is separated from it after the first two treatments and beta-carotene after the next treatments.
    The invention relates to a method for the preparation of non-specific protein concentrate and other feed additives with biological activity from the squeezed juice of green plants and from the compressed mass thus obtained. The use of nutrients and protein produced by green plants is of great importance in meeting the nutrient and protea needs of animals and people. Extensive industrial use of fibrous and fiberless hardwood: material 11a is limited by the fact that, unlike soybean, fish meal and other sources of protein, protein is present in vegetative growth only in mixture with other substances, the separation of which from protein is rather difficult. The nature of the protein associated with the protein affects the quality and biological value of the protein obtained from green plants, which is why the usefulness of such a protein is not typical of the usefulness of conventional proteins and nutrients, despite the fact that vegetable protein has a very reasonable composition. Saros for protein and the requirements for its composition vary depending on the purpose of the protein: for human consumption or for feeding to m-animals. . When feeding animals, the requirements also of differentiation) Tc, for the requirements to the quality or composition of the food vary depending on the needs of certain animals. However, the method of processing hardwood protein has limited application. A known method of preparing protein concentrate from green plant sap is that plants are pressed and coagulated protein from the pressed juice is heated by it, followed by separation. However, the process of separating the associated foliar protein substances and obtaining a certain concentration of protein is difficult to implement. Along with the preparation of hardwood protein concentrates, especially from co-existing substances, it is also important to isolate provitamin growth factors and pigment substances in their natural state, and these components of the untreated plant should be obtained in a concentrated form. Experimental work has been done to purify the chloroplastic and cytoplasmic fractions, which can be separated from the plant saps obtained by squeezing the green hardwood mass, however, an effective method for fractionating the protein clot obtained by heat treatment of the plant saps and separating unwanted confusing substances has not been created. The removal of concomitant substances is usually carried out in many stages, at which it is impossible to avoid the decomposition of the natural protein. Such separation of concomitant undesirable substances can be carried out only in incomplete 3 degrees. The difficulty is caused by the lipid solubility of related substances, whereby their removal can be carried out only with a non-polar solvent. Water-soluble related substances can only be eliminated with a polar solvent. Related substances, such as chlorophyll and its derivatives, as well as their decomposition products, are harmless from a biological point of view. However, during processing, decomposition products accumulate in the final product, which have an undesirable effect on the use of the resulting protein concentrates as feed. Among the concomitant substances are triterpenes and steroid saponins, which are toxic compounds due to hemolytic effects. The presence of phenolic compounds and tannic acid adversely affects the use of protein concentrates, since these substances inhibit enzymes that play a significant biological role; in addition, they can cause protein coagulation. Among the concomitant toxic substances, nitrates should be removed at least to such an extent that the remaining amount does not interfere with the use of hardwood protein for fattening animals. The composition of the non-specific protein fraction consists mainly of carbon, protein and minerals. A significant increase in the relative content of cytoplasmic protein can be achieved only by better separation of both protein fractions or by using excipients. The main part of the leafy protein consists, however, of the chloroplastic fraction and the latter is converted into an unspecific protein fraction or unresolved in this form. The purpose of the invention is the processing of protein from plants into non-specific persistent protein concentrates practically free from most of the pigments and related substances contained in the plant, 048 and the use of the resulting product suitable. Without any special restrictions for feeding animals, i.e. increase in the biological value of protein concentrate, as well as the separation of pigment substances. The goal is achieved in that according to the method of preparation of protein concentrate on green plants, coagulated by heating the pressed juice, the protein is treated in five times the dry matter of the protein coagulant with glycol or distilyglycolic sulfur or a mixture of the latter with methanol in a ratio of 2: 1 s subsequent rinsing with water and drying, the ether-soluble substances being separated, and the ether solution is regenerated to return to the process Coagulated protein processing. The coagulation is carried out at 80-85 ° C. The treatment with sfir is carried out several times, preferably four times. At the same time, in the intervals between each Treatment, the decantation of the liquid phase is carried out with sedimentation from it after the first two treatments of xanthophyll, and after subsequent treatments of beta-carotene. The method of preparing protein concentrate from green plant material involves squeezing juice from plant material, heating and collecting heat-coagulated protein, and the collected protein contains more water than its dry matter weighs, treating the collected protein with excess — relative to its dry weight — glycol ether or diglycolic ether; washing the treated protein with water and extracting the protein. The coagulated protein fraction, containing not less than 1.5-2 times (compared to its dry weight) amount of water, is treated with preferably not less than five times (relative to dry weight) amount of glycol ether or diglycol ether, and the solvent can also contain methanol. The treated coagulated protein is preferably washed with water and valuable substances dissolved in prostyle glycol ether are separated and mixed with a pressed cake. The solvent used is recovered and recycled - loaded into the process. The protein clot is processed through the heat treatment of the protein in SO-SS C containing chloroplastic and cytoplasmic protein fractions. The processed protein can contain only the chloroplastic fraction, coagulated from the pressed juice at 55-60 ° C. When separating the protein fraction, in some cases it is desirable to use surface active substances that facilitate the precipitation and separation of the protein fraction from the sediment. An environment with an NSA factor (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) 8-18, or a mixture of similar surfactants used in an amount of 2400-6000 ppm (as calculated on the dry weight of plant juice) can be used as a surfactant. ). Ethylene glycol monomethylether, ethylene glycol monoethylether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethylether and diethylene glycol monomethylether are used as glycol ether or diglyg ether. These solvents are usually labeled with cellulose solvents or carbitol solvents. Treatment with glycol ethers is carried out in stages or continuously. Chafephage processing of the protein fraction proved to be particularly preferred, since it allows the separation of related substances by fractionation. The phase (extract) that is separated in the first two stages of dissolution can be processed into xanthophyll, and the extract extracted in further stages of processing into carotenoids. It is preferable to treat the clot of green protein with a mixture of glycol ether and methanol. The ratio of glycol ether to methanol is maintained, preferably in the range of 3: 1 -2: 1. When processing the dissolved phase (extract), the other, immiscible with the first solvent, is liquid-liquid ex- The solvent used in this extraction is non-polar, preferably gasoline (petroleum ether) with a boiling point of 80-100 s is used. When treating the glycol ether phase with gasoline, most of the pigments and lipids can be extracted from the glycol ether: during the processing of the gasoline phase, after the distillation of gasoline, pigments and lipids can be removed from the precipitate. However, without using liquid extraction and a second solvent, it is possible to use accompanying substances and pigments obtained from the glycol ether phase, if the distillation residue obtained after removing the first solvent is mixed with the fibrous pulp, which significantly increases the nutritional value of the feed. Related substances can be used alone or in a mixture with other nutrients, and in some cases with fillers. The invention also includes products resulting from the use of the described method. The non-specific plant (leaf) protein in a concentrated form contains 65-75% by weight of the protein, practically free of chlorophyll, carotenoids, xanthophyll and their decomposition products, 4% by weight of mineral substances, up to 1.5% by weight of raw fiber, 14 22% by weight of nitrogen-free extract, 0.8-1.0% by weight of lipids and 6% by weight of moisture. Concentrated non-specific vegetable proteins can be mixed to texture the product with other protein components, as such they are used for feeding animals. Concentrate xanthophyll contains about, wt.%: Xanthophyll 3, beta-carotene 0.5, moisture 3, the rest lipids. It is suitable for chickens. The feed meal prepared according to the invention or pellets consists of a beet pulp of green plants and extracted lipids. They are characterized by the presence of about 35 wt.% Raw fiber, 10-15 wt.% Crude protein, 10-14 wt.% Mineral substances, 2-3 wt.% Raw fat. 25-30 wt.% Non-nitrogenous extract, 30 mg / kg beta-carotene and 40-60 mg / kg xanthophyll. Plant pigment concentrates may contain xanthophyll, carotenoids and chlorophyll, as well as lipids separately or mixed with each other. a friend. The invention also provides for the possibility of separation, if necessary, two types of carotenoid pigments. The method according to the invention makes it possible to convert a foliar protein clot, derived from pressed juices, into persistent non-specific protein concentrates containing a nontoxic amount of secondary products of metabolism. As a result of treatment with glycol ether, most of the lipid
    The water soluble and water soluble related substances can be removed by simultaneously preventing the decomposition and 0607 from being absorbed by chlorophyll and its derivatives. Glycol ether treatment is important because this solvent has a selective dissolving effect on carotenoids and xanthophyll, depending on the water content of the protein bunch. This allows for the separate processing and separation of each pigment substance. The protein concentrate does not contain the characteristic ingredients and does not possess the specific properties of the processed plant. The need to separate the chloroplastic and cytoplasmic protein fractions and the need to increase the relative content of the cytoplasmic fraction are absent. As a result, both protein fractions with their analogous amino acid compositions can be used, and both fractions do not contain any related substances. A further advantage is the possibility of selective treatment of pigment substances.
    FIG. 1-3 shows a scheme for the preparation of a concentrate.
    The squeezed juice obtained from green plants is heated to 80 ° C. The green protein clot is separated in decanter 1. The liquid flowing out of the decanter is sent to a self-discharging separator. The resulting diluted recycle slurry is dried in a vacuum dryer 6. The upper phase of the extracted liquid is regenerated and the solvent returns to extractor 2. The isolated pigment concentrate contains mainly. xanthophyll Twice extracted
    in decanter 3, the protein clot is again extracted twice in extruder 7. The extractor is 8
    the liquid phase is subjected to a liquid-liquid extraction with a non-polar solvent, and in the distillation unit 9 into a non-polar solvent it is regenerated; The obtained pigment concentrate D is dried in a vacuum dryer 10. In addition to the liquid content, the pigment concentrate C contains mainly carotenes.
    The processed protein clot is washed in apparatus 1-1 mainly by suspending it in water, followed by decantation in a decanter 12. The product is dried in apparatus 13. The resulting non-specific protein concentrate III can be used as animal feed and human food.
    FIG. 2 shows a process similar to that shown in FIG. 1, however, the processing of a green protein clot is repeated four times with an intermediate — each time — decantation in apparatus 14. The extract obtained is distilled in apparatus 15 and in apparatus 16, the liquid phase is subjected to liquid-liquid extractable in Cr discharging separator. The diluted slurry obtained is recycled to decanter 1, and the separated squeezed juice can be further processed. The green protein clot separated in the decanter is extracted twice in extractor 2 with fresh or regenerated: 1 solvent. Between the extraction steps, separation is always carried out in the decanter 1. After the second separation, carried out in decanter 3, the extracted liquid obtained after two operations is treated with a non-polar solvent in a pigment-extractor 4. The lower phase of the extract is distilled in apparatus 5, and the residue from
    non-polar solvent. The upper phase of the extract is distilled in apparatus 17, and the combined pigment concentrate IV is dried in a vacuum dryer 18. From decanter 12, the separated protein clot is sent to a washer 11, where it is washed twice with water. The aqueous suspension is separated twice in decanter 12, after which the protein clot is dried in the dryer 13. An unspecific protein concentrate is obtained.
    FIG. 3 is a diagram of the method shown in FIG. 2, except that the distillation product of the dissolved fractions separated in the decanter is not subjected to liquid-liquid extraction. Instead, the distillation residue is subjected to a separate drying operation, or is mixed with the pulp obtained by pressing the fibrous plant material. In this case, the pulp contains not only the ingredients present in the protein concentrate and dissolved by a non-polar solvent, but also all of the accompanying substances removed by glycol ether, i.e. triterpenes, steroid saponin and phenolic compounds.
    The resulting pigment concentrates and And IV Sfig. 1 and 2) can be dried. If necessary, hydrolysis with alkali can be carried out prior to the drying operation. According to the invention, the pigment concentrate can be extracted in fractionated form, i.e. in the form of a pigment concentrate I, containing mainly xanthophyll and lipids, and a pigment concentrate U, containing mainly carotenes. Both types of pigment concentrates can be combined into an IV concentrate. The value of the fractionated pigment separation is that the concentrate can be selectively used as an additive to an appropriate feed for a particular animal. Known methods of such a possibility do not bake.
    Example 1. 1000 kg of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) at the green germination stage, containing 18 wt.% Dry matter and A, 9 wt.% Crude protein, are twice subjected to
    grinding pressing: once under a pressure of 10-15 atm, and then with a higher pressure of about 50-100 atm. The combined pressed juice weighing 800 kg, containing 10% of dry matter and 38% of the total protein is pumped into the heating unit. Before heat treatment, 300 parts per million of surfactant is added to the squeezed juice (contramine 210). Heat treatment is carried out at 80 ° C by direct heating. The heated juice is continuously sent for separation. Duration of heat treatment about 5 minutes. The separation is carried out in two devices installed in series. The first of these is a self-switching decanter separator, in which most of the precipitated protein (clot) that coagulated during heat treatment is removed. The operation of this decanter is adjusted so as to obtain an isolated green protein clot containing 28-33% by weight of dry matter. The clarified, but not perfectly bright, coming out of the first decanter, the juice is sent to a second disk-type separator, where additional clarification of the juice is performed. The diluted sludge separated in the second separator, containing 10-15% by weight of dry matter, is recycled to the first decanter, to its reserve capacity. In the separator consisting of two units they isolate, therefore, only two products: in the first, a green P1 otinous clot is obtained, and in the second, a purified juice, which is concentrated in vacuo. Obtained in the amount of 184 kg green protein clot is treated with 300 kg. Stir glycol monoethylether for 1 hour with stirring.
    The suspension is separated from the processing liquid in the decanter, after which the previous operation is repeated using the same amount of processing liquid. The first two extracted liquids are separately separated until the next processing. The treated sludge is then again treated twice with 200 kg of ethylene glycol (each time). The solid is removed and dried to expel the solvent. The juice obtained after washing with water is combined with the solvent used in the second stages of the treatment and stored for subsequent processing. The precipitate is a protein clot dried from the solvent. Drying is carried out in a pneumatic dryer with an inlet temperature of 220 ° C and an outlet temperature of 105 ° C. The extracted juice from the processing of the protein clot in the first two stages contains water containing water and, due to the presence of water in the decanter, sludge is extracted with gasoline (petroleum ether with a boiling point of 80-100 C. The amount of gasoline used is about 20 times greater than the amount of the mixture. ethylene glycol with water. Gasoline from liquid-liquid extraction is continuously regenerated and returned to extraction. The residue is distillation containing a small excess of solvent is taken from the distillation apparatus.The solvent is distilled off from it in a vacuum dryer at 50 ° C and then dried.The isolated product has a green color due to the presence of chlorophyll in it, it is also enriched with xanthophyll. or - after cleansing - as an additive to feed.In the case of direct drying of the protein fraction, a product containing 2000–2500 mg of beta-carotene and xanthophyll is obtained, and the ratio of these two main pigments is em 30-40% for beta-carotin and 50-70% for xanthophyll. The product isolated according to the invention contains 30,000–40,000 mg / kg of xanto phill and only 30,000–40,000 mg / kg of beta-carotene. The green protein clot is treated with ethylene glycol monoethylether (third and fourth processing steps). Liquids are extracted as gasoline is described above. A product containing only beta-carotene and only a small amount of xanthophyll is isolated. The latter product contains 15,000–20,000 mg / kg betacarotene and 4,000–5,000 mg / kg xanthophyll. In this example, the following products are prepared from the starting material. 1. Non-specific protein fractions of 47.5 Kf. Composition,%: Moisture6.0 Raw protein (N x 6.25) 70.0 LipidO, 5 Raw fiber Minerals4, 0 No nitrogen extract 18.0 There is no trace of chlorophyll decomposition products in the final product. The saponin content calculated from the hemolytic index does not exceed 10 ppm. 2. Xanthophyll concentrate 1.5 kg Composition,%: Moisture 3.0 Xanthophyll 3.4 Beta-carotene 0.5 Lipids Up to 100. This product is green due to the chlorophyll content. It contains tOOO mg / kg anti-oxidant Santokhin. 3. Concentrate carotene 2.5 kg Composition. %: Moisture3, .0 Beta-carotene 0.8 Xanthophyll 0.4 Lipids Up to 100 The product has a green color: it contains 1000 mg / kg of antioxidant Santokhin. Example 2. Analogously to Example 1 is treated with tOOO kg Alfalfa Processing, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is produced analogously to Example 1. Extracted juices, however, are not separated, but are jointly treated with washing liquids from washing the product with a solvent. To the resulting 1400 kg of aqueous ethylene glycol monoethyl ether solution was added 10 g of Santoquinine emulsion. The solvent and water are distilled off in vacuo to give tOO kg of residue. The ratio of ethylene glycol monoethylether to water is regulated in the residue from distillation at 70:30. Further extraction with gasoline is carried out as in Example 1. The gasoline is then distilled off, and the residue is treated as described in Example 1. In this way, valuable
    Rotin pigment is co-administered with directly dried protein concentrate. The advantage of this processing is the significant increase in beta-carotin and xanthophyll concentrations. After gasoline extraction, the ethylene glycol monoethyl ether ether fraction is distilled off, the solvent is removed as well. most of the water. The distillation residue of 20-25 kg contains 7 kg of dry matter. This precipitate is mixed with the fiber fraction obtained by pressing green plants before drying. This method makes it possible to re-combine the lipids contained in the plant material, precipitated together with the protein fraction after carotene release, with the volokis fraction. The product can be used as a ruminant feed.
    As a result, the following products can be obtained.
    1. Nonspecific protein concentrate (weight and composition are identical to those obtained in example 1)
    2. Pigment concentrate
    Composition, %:
    3.0
    Moisture. 0.6 Beta-carotene 1.2. Xanthophyll Up to 100 Lipids
    The product has, due to the presence of chlorophyll, a green color. It contains 1000 mg / kg aqtoacidol
    Cacafofnll
    3. Dry n flour or granules 145 kg
    Composition,%: Moisture 12.0 Crude protein 12.0 Crude fiber35, 0 Mineral substances 12.0 Nitrogen-containing extract 27.0 Crude fat, 2.0 Beta-carotene, mg / kg 30 Xanthophyll, mg / kg 50
    Example 3. 100 kg of amaranth (Amarauthus sp) is processed before flowering. Characteristic properties of this material are the dry matter content of 17.5 wt.% And the protein content of 4 0%. The grinding and pressing of the green plant and the separation of the protein fraction is carried out in accordance with the example. The green protein clot obtained in the separator is treated as in Example 2.
    The following products are obtained.
    1. Non-specific protein concentrate 37.5 kg (the composition is similar to that obtained in example 1)
    2. Pigment concentrate 4.0 kg Composition,%:
    Moisture 3, O
    Beta carotene 0.5
    Xanthophyll 1.3
    Lipids To 100
    The product has a green color due to the presence of chlorophyll. The product contains 100 mg / kg xanthophyll.
    Example 4. Processed 1000 kg of alfalfa. The juice after pressing is subjected to heat treatment separately in two stages, and the precipitate formed is removed. In the first stage, the juice after pressing is heated with a direct steam supply and thus 134 is separated to a chloroplast-protein fraction containing 32% of dry matter. Removal of the juice after pressing from the protein fraction is carried out as in Example 1. In the second stage, the juice that has already been cooked from the first stage is heated at BO C, after which the protein precipitate is dried. In this case, the protein substance is separated without the use of surfactants.
    The protein fraction, which is separated from the first stage, is extracted with 150 kg of solvent mixture. The solvent mixture contains 2: 1 diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and methanol. After separating the solvent, the extracted protein precipitate was further processed twice with 120 kg of the solvent mixture. The protein pellet is then washed twice with 150 kg of wax.
    The mixture of solvent and washing solutions are combined and treated according to example 2.
    The composition of the xanthophyll-enriched pigment concentrate is the following, wt.% 151 Humidity 3.0 Beta-carotene 0.4 Xanthophyll 1.8 Lipids Up to 100 This product is green, and 1 g of antioxidant per kg of product is needed to stabilize it. Steam 8 Carrying out the extraction and separation of fractions is carried out identically to Example 1 when exposed to methanol, however, the amount of extractant and the content of xanthophyll in the pigment concentrate can be reduced.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1. A METHOD FOR PREPARING A PROTEIN CONCENTRATE FROM GREEN PLANTS, including pressing plants and coagulating protein from. of pressed juice by heating it with the target substance, after coagulation, the separated protein is treated in five times the dry matter of the protein coagulant with ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol simple ether or a mixture of the latter with methanol in a 2: 1 ratio, followed by washing with water and drying, moreover, the soluble substances in the ether are separated, and the ether solution is regenerated to return to the processing process the protein separated by coagulation.
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    1087048:
    2. The way to paragraph 1, about t l and '- dull by what koa- a walk is carried out at 80 - 85 S. 3. The method according to paragraph 1, about t LEE ' dull by what about- broadcasting spend many- multiple.
    4. The method according to PP. 1 and 3, with the exception that the treatment with ether of the separated protein is carried out four times, moreover, in the intervals between each treatment, the liquid phase is decanted and xanthophyll is separated from it after the first two treatments, and after subsequent treatments - beta carotene.
    I 2
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2409777A|1978-10-12|
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    AU511875B2|1980-09-11|
    HK12981A|1981-04-10|
    JPS537482A|1978-01-23|
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    HU174943B|1980-04-28|
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    HU76LI296A|HU174943B|1976-06-30|1976-06-30|Process for preparing concentrates of plant proteins and of pigments|
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